Ancient Egyptians Played a Board Game Called 58 Holes

The 4,000-year-old board game 58 Holes is also called Hounds and Jackals, the Monkey Race, the Shield Game, and the Palm Tree Game, all of which refer to the shape of the game board or the pattern of the peg holes in the face of the board. As you might guess, the game consists of a board with a track of fifty-eight holes (and a few grooves), in which players race a pair of pegs along the route. It is thought to have been invented in Egypt around 2200 B.C. It flourished during the Middle Kingdom, but died out in Egypt after that, around 1650 B.C. Around the end of the third millennium B.C., 58 Holes spread into Mesopotamia and maintained its popularity there until well into the first millennium B.C. Playing 58 Holes The ancient game 58 Holes most closely resembles the modern childrens game known as Snakes and Ladders in Britain and Chutes and Ladders in the United States. In 58 Holes, each player is given five pegs. They begin at the starting point to move their pegs down the center of the board and then up their respective sides to the endpoints. The lines on the board are the chutes or ladders that allow the player to quickly advance or to just as quickly fall behind. Ancient boards are generally rectangular to oval and sometimes shield or violin-shaped. The two players throw dice, sticks, or knucklebones to determine the number of places they can move, marked on the game board by elongated pegs or pins. The name Hounds and Jackals comes from the decorative shapes of the playing pins found at Egyptian archaeological sites. Rather like Monopoly tokens, one players peg head would be in shape of a dog, the other in that of a jackal. Other forms discovered by archaeologists include pins shaped liked monkeys and bulls. The pegs that been retrieved from archaeological sites were made of bronze, gold, silver, or ivory. It is quite likely that many more existed, but were made of perishable materials such as reeds or wood. Cultural Transmission Versions of Hounds and Jackals spread into the near east shortly after its invention, including Palestine, Assyria, Anatolia, Babylonia, and Persia. Archaeological boards were found in the ruins of Assyrian merchant colonies in Central Anatolia dating as early as the 19th and 18th centuries B.C. These are thought to have been brought by Assyrian merchants, who also brought writing and cylinder seals from Mesopotamia into Anatolia. One route along which the boards, writing, and seals might have traveled is the overland route that would later become the Royal Road of the Achaemenids. Maritime connections also facilitated international trade. There is strong evidence that 58 Holes was traded throughout the Mediterranean region and beyond. With such widespread distribution, its normal that a considerable amount of local variation would exist. Different cultures, some of which were enemies of the Egyptians at the time, adapted and created new imagery for the game. Certainly, other artifact types are adapted and changed for use in local communities. The 58 Holes gameboards, however, seem to have maintained their general shapes, styles, rules, and iconography — no matter where they were played. This is somewhat surprising, because other games, such as chess, were widely and freely adapted by the cultures that adopted them. The consistency of form and iconography in 58 Holes may be a result of the complexity of the board. Chess, for example, has a simple board of 64 squares, with the movement of the pieces dependent on largely unwritten (at the time) rules. Gameplay for 58 Holes depends strictly on the board layout. Trading Games The discussion of cultural transmission of game boards, in general, is currently of considerable scholarly research. The recovery of game boards with two different sides — one a local game and one from another country — suggest that the boards were used as a social facilitator to enable friendly transactions with strangers in new places. At least 68 gameboards of 58 Holes have been found archaeologically, including examples from Iraq (Ur, Uruk, Sippar, Nippur, Nineveh, Ashur, Babylon, Nuzi), Syria (Ras el-Ain, Tell Ajlun, Khafaje), Iran (Tappeh Sialk, Susa, Luristan), Israel (Tel Beth Shean, Megiddo, Gezer), Turkey (Boghazkoy, Kultepe, Karalhuyuk, Acemhuyuk), and Egypt (Buhen, Thebes, El-Lahun, Sedment). Sources Crist, Walter. Board Games in Antiquity. Anne Vaturi, Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures, Springer Nature Switzerland AG, August 21, 2014. Crist, Walter. Facilitating Interaction: Board Games as Social Lubricants in the Ancient Near East. Alex de Voogt, Anne-Elizabeth Dunn-Vaturi, Oxford Journal of Archaeology, Wiley Online Library, April 25, 2016. De Voogt, Alex. Cultural transmission in the ancient Near East: twenty squares and fifty-eight holes. Anne-Elizabeth Dunn-Vaturi, Jelmer W.Eerkens, Journal of Archaeological Science, Volume 40, Issue 4, ScienceDirect, April 2013. Dunn-Vaturi, Anne-E. The Monkey Race — Remarks on Board Games Accessories. Board Games Studies 3, 2000. Romain, Pascal. Les reprà ©sentations des jeux de pions dans le Proche-Orient ancien et leur signification. Board Game Studies 3, 2000.

Persuasive Essay On Gun Control - 1634 Words

Over the recents years, there have been many arguments about the issue of gun control at the state and national level. In California, there have been a variety of enacted laws within recent years to address the issue of growing gun violence around the country and ways to prevent terrorist attacks. California s new enacted laws about gun control in the state range from abolishing certain features on weapons to restricting certain handguns or other firearms a person might buy. The legislative branch within California wrote bills including a ban on large capacity ammunition magazines and were approved by Governor Jerry Brown and the Legislature in response to a 2015 terrorist shooting in San Bernardino. The hysteria developed when†¦show more content†¦Assault rifles are social artifacts within the community. Gun owners attach subjective means to their firearms and represents who they are. By California legislators officials to call gun owners assault rifles and its certain fea tures evil, reflects the person owning it as if he or she was evil themselves and that he or she maybe future threat to the safety of California. The new law will also require assault rifles to be registered before January 1st, 2018, or be forced to turn them into local law enforcement for destruction or removal from the State. If assault rifle owners fail register their rifles that contain evil features will result in a felony or some cases a felony wobbler. This is another aspect that makes it social policy because it not only includes the welfare of gun owners, but includes the criminal justice system. Knowing this, even more reinforces the idea that assault rifle owners are being negatively stigmatized. The reason being is the harsh sentencing of a felony towards not registering your rifle with evil features on it. When most people think of felony charges, people are most likely perceiving violent offenders like robbers, rapist, murders, and many more offenses that have a severe threat to our society. The fact that if you don t register your assault rifle you will be put into this socially negative category of not only being a felon, but beingShow MoreRelatedPersuasive Essay : Gun Control798 Words   |  4 PagesPersuasive Essay Did you know that in the United States almost 100,000 people are shot or killed with a gun in one year? 10,527 people die a year in handgun related incidents in the United States. This number, by far, outweighs the number of gun related deaths in countries such as Sweden, Great Britain, and Japan, which number 13, 22, and 87, respectively. What is the reason for such drastic differences in numbers? Sweden, Great Britain, and Japan are all countries that have stricter gun controlRead MorePersuasive Essay On Gun Control1753 Words   |  8 PagesPersuasive Essay Rough Draft The United States of America has a problem that is growing worse every day. American laws are not protecting its citizens from injury or death. You may think the mass shootings in America the guns used were bought illegally, but â€Å"since 1982, there have been at least 62 mass shooter carried out with firearms across the country, with the killings unfolding in 30 states from Massachusetts to Hawaii. Of the 139 guns possessed by the killers, more than three quarters wereRead More Persuasive Articles on Gun Control Essays607 Words   |  3 PagesPersuasive Articles on Gun Control Persuading an audience can be done in several different fashions, one of which is Hugh Rank’s Model of Persuasion. Rank’s model states that two major strategies are used to achieve the particular goal of persuasion. These strategies are nicely set into two main schemas; the first method is to exaggerate an aspect of something, known as â€Å"intensify.† While the second is to discredit it, which is referred to as â€Å"downplay.† Al Franken, Jeffrey SnyderRead MorePersuasive Essay On Gun Control1018 Words   |  5 PagesImagine, an America where no citizen, law abiding or not, has the legal ability to own guns. Three gunmen with fully automatic rifles walk into a crowded city and begin firing. No law abiding citizen can defend themselves. It’s hopeless. This future can only be prevented if Americans continue to keep the second amendment. We should keep the current gun control laws, but revise them to make them even better. Most gun own ers are responsible under the current laws, however, I think some laws need to beRead MorePersuasive Essay On Gun Control1245 Words   |  5 Pagesand time again. Due to recent tragedies involving firearms, the view of guns and peoples rights to own and operate firearms have been frowned upon and viewed in a bad light due to Media. News sources have cherrypicked pictures of tragedies and stories about bad instances of gun usage in order to fight for Gun Control and the suppression of Americans rights. Due to the recent Vegas shooting, the argument for Gun Control has never been more intense, and Media outlets are having a field day onRead MorePersuasive Essay On Gun Control915 Words   |  4 PagesHistorically guns haven’t been a national issue. It is not until relatively recently that an overwhelming amount of people have been in favor of placing stricter laws on the owning of a fire arm. The call for gun control has become more prevalent in the eyes of the government and the people; the gun laws that are also often proposed are irrational and ineffective. One could not simply ban guns, it is comparable to banning a certain genre of music; it’s unachievable and would be a fruitless pursuitRead MorePersuasive Essay On Gun Control1745 Words   |  7 Pagescruelty to animals, and yet he was able to buy four guns legally (Rosenberg). That is the most recent example of why Americans need more gun control laws. Guns are not cool or makes you look good, they are a da ngerous piece of machinery that Americans take advantage of. The average American in the right mindset should not want to own anything more than one handgun or rifle for hunting or protecting their household. Gun control reform that limits gun ownership, enforces mandatory background checks, andRead MorePersuasive Essay On Gun Control1439 Words   |  6 Pagesreason why Americans own so many guns is because of the Second Amendment, which states, â€Å"A well-regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a Free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.† (Rauch) This amendment guarantees U.S. citizens the right to have firearms. Since this amendment is relatively vague, it is up for interpretation, and is often used by gun advocates to argue for lenient gun laws. Hence, gun control is a frequently discussed controversialRead MorePersuasive Essay On Gun Control1569 Words   |  7 Pagesstocks, which allowed the guns to fire hundreds of rounds per minute (Goldman). From this unspeakable atrocity, an abundant perspicuity is created, portraying that gun control laws are unable to prevent many violent actions, including mass shootings and other horrific events. Even a drastic increase in gun laws cannot prevent men that have irreproachable records from acting recklessly, or predict when an event such as this will happen. The thousands of homicides generated by guns per year are an especiallyRead MorePersuasive Essay On Gun Control1636 Words   |  7 PagesOn an average day, 93 Americans are killed with a gun (Everytown). Beginning with the National Firearms act of 1934, gun control has been a controversial topic in American society and politics. Gun control is a set of laws aimed to limit the production, distribution, possession and modifications of fire arms utilized by civilians. Presently, the United States outlaws the selling, and ownership, of fully automatic weapons but allows the distribution of semi-automa tic weapons. Purchasing extended magazines

Management and Business Context Globalization

Question: Discuss about the Management and Business Contextfor Globalization. Answer: Introduction Globalization is a process of integrating ones economy with others. People across the globe have come closer to one another due to cross-border exchange of goods and services. International transfer and communication has become as integral part for an organization in the present era of globalization. This phenomenon plays an important role while generating business across border (Beck, 2015). The growth of developing countries is caused due to globalization. Subways non-traditional growth in America has helped the chain to achieve a sustainable business within a short tenure. Its international expansion has remain extensive with its first international store was opened 16 years ago in Saudi Arabia. The brand has continued to grow despite of global recession. The secret of their success is due to the fact that people want healthy food over the traditional fast food. The company is persistently looking for new market in order to grow extraordinarily. There market is growing at a fast p ace by occupying the growth opportunities resting with it. At an international level the company is looking for an entrepreneur who is excited for the brand and wants to grow together with Subway (Hirst, Thompson Bromley, 2015). Companys Overview Subway is a privately held American Company that primarily sells submarine sandwiches and salads. The company is owned and operated by Doctors Association, Inc. It is known to be one of the fastest growing fast-food chains with 44,882 stores in 112 countries. Surprisingly it is one of the largest single brand stores across world (History, 2016). The headquarter of Subway is in Milford, Connecticut whereas the regional offices are located in Amsterdam, Brisbane, Beirut, Singapore and Miami (Chancey, 2010). What is the Environment? Business environment consist of the set of external conditions that affects the business. These external forces have maximum potential to put a positive as well as negative impact on the business (Crane Matten, 2016). In case of Subway, the environment consists of its rivals like KFC, McDonalds, Pizza Hut etc, social trends, political and economic conditions affect the consumer goods. For the purpose it is necessary to breakdown the environment into the two components: The macro environmental factors and competitive environment. The former consist of overall trends and events taking place in the society that affects the product or an organization. Social, economic trends, technological trends etc forms to the part of the general environment factors. The latter includes factors that collectively compete with each other by providing similar goods and services (Pieterse, 2015). The action taken by the organization creates a degree of change in the environment in the surroundings. Most of the business organizations are limited to influence the similar business whereas there is certain business organization that affects the other industries as well. In case of Subway their decision to reduce the quantity of salt in sandwiches can lead to other organizations to revisit the amount of salt. The majority of business organizations have a sheer impact on the decision of the other organizations. There is an impact of the power and influence on the decision making of an organization which combines in general to form macro environmental factors. Overall the environment has a huge impact on the culture of the organization. These factors are given important privilege while formulation of the policies. It is recommended to the executives in an organization to give an important consideration while considering environmental factors (Baylis, Smith Owens, 2013). Firstly it is the environment that provides the resources to the organization to grow in an effective manner. No organization is self- sufficient. It requires help from the environment in order to grow extensively. Subway cannot grow without the contribution made by the allied organizations and franchisee. These external parties provide subway with appropriate resources in order to grow. An organization cannot grow with the help of the external environment. Secondly its the environment that causes oppor tunities and threats to the organization. Subway in the late 1990s has created an opportunity to position itself as a healthy substitute against the traditional fast-food restaurants. Threats are those events that can undermine the interest of the organizational performance. Subway has faced threat from the upstart restaurant chain. There are majority of business organization across the globe providing similar food. Noodles and Company provides with healthy food substitutes. These small sized organizations are famous among localities. They have positioned themselves as one of the most promising healthy food companies (Scott, 2013). Moreover it is essential for a business environment to create opportunities for the business environment in order to grow. There are natural disaster event that has caused wide spread destruction to the growth of the organization. It is difficult for a business organization to keep a check over the environmental factors. These factors affect the business organization on a long run. Thirdly, the environment affects most of the strategic decisions taken by the organization. It is the duty of the executives to create a sustainable environment helping in achieving a considerable growth. Organizational goal play a significant role for a business that struggle to achieve appropriate results. Environmental condition plays an important role for a business organization that wants to open a venture in a new country. The macro environmental factors of the other country need to be considered well in advance to launch an innovative product. Subway while expanding its business considers all the relevant macro environmental factors in order to attain success (Lutz, 2014). Trends Toward Greater Globalization There are two most important macro environmental factors that need to be considered towards greater level of globalization. Firstly it is due to the declining trade and investment barriers and the change in the technology. Another reason is due to the global financial and political crises that have created a massive involuntary refugee movement changing the complete trend of the business (Wiedemann, 2013). There are increasing opportunities in Asia that has lead to significant growth among various multi-national organizations. This has resulted in movement by multinational organization in order to grab the market. This has substantially reduced the barriers to the investment made by the organization in order to attain a major share in cross-border transactions. During the past decade there is an increase in the foreign direct investment made by the multi-national organizations in the countries like Mexico, China and India that has helped in increasing number of opportunities. It is d ue to the fact that the cost of labor and other input is less in the developing countries (Hitt, ET al.2012). Subway has surpassed McDonalds in term of global presence. There is more than 40,000 subway chain as compared to 30,000 approximately food chain of McDonalds. The latter is still facing the challenge posed by the competitor and lagging behind with a huge margin. Subway has a passion to expand its business operations across border with the strategic intervention (Austin Pinkleton, 2015). Below mentioned are the reasons that made subway a ubiquitous organization across border: Firstly the food chain is easily accessible with the restaurants are efficiently build and requires a very less square footage as compared to the McDonalds. It is due to the fact that the organization can open easily as compared to the other food chain. Secondly, subway has a strategy to serve healthy food that makes it different from the other food chains. It is one of the easy choices of the consumers across border. Thirdly it is due to the ability of the customer to use a customized product when compared with the other food chain which does not provide similar facility. Subway has provided with a customized option to its customers. Moreover it has modified its meals according to the local conditions. This has helped in gaining a better market position as compared to other food joints (Doyle, 2015). Necessity of Globalization For a company like Subway it is important to notice that the world is becoming a small space which has led to majority of positive effects in the future of the business. Where other companies have failed to adopt the globalization strategies, Subway has gained a greater market share through its marketing strategies (Fayol, 2016). Moreover there global expansion strategies have helped in gaining a considerable market place. Subway has concrete marketing strategies that have made it one of the globally acclaimed organizations. the fast food business organization has gained a considerable place as compared to other food chains like Pizza Hut, McDonalds, KFC etc. there product has created a huge fury in the market with rigorously retaining the market(Gopinath Siciliano,2013). SWOT Analysis Strength Subway is the Market leader with worlds largest single-brand franchise operating in 110 countries. The Brand is recognized throughout the world Healthy food options are available at Subways making it one of the most recognized brands among youth. Company is incurring High level profits Global presence helps in attracting more consumers across the border. Weaknesses There is a Lack of uniform performance among franchises Unstable service commitment by different stores causes an unpleasant experience to the customer. Subway has come under a serious scrutiny due to the use of corn syrup There are Restricted suppliers to purchase products from selected Subway The activities of the organization are controlled from the central position limiting autonomy in branches. The diversification strategy of subway is Poor and limited as opposed to other fast-food restaurants Threats Huge amount of competition from other fast food outlets such as McDonalds, Pizza Hut, KFC, etc. The company is facing Legal issues during its operations. There are maximum possibilities of Food contamination. Moreover there is a Rising costs of supplies reducing overall profitability of the franchise Change in the economic conditions such as disposable income, foreign exchange and taxes are affecting the company. Opportunities There are ample of opportunity for global expansion. Diversity is one of the major opportunities available with the organization while extending its business operations. They can diversify into other food products They can form Partnerships with toy manufacturers and other recreational organization in order to promote the brand name. They have rising opportunity in case of Merger and acquisition that would increase the market share. Recommendation It is highly recommended that a company while expanding globally must focus on its resources and structure. This not only provide with a long term sustainable growth but help in achieving targets. In a modern business atmosphere it is recommended to Subway that it should adopt a diversification strategy in order to penetrate in the global market. Diversification of product line while entering into the global market help in securing a better place in the market when compared with the other organization, Subway has to modify its menu in order to secure a distinguished market place socially in the case of Asian market. This market has ample of growth opportunities in order to outgrow the possible outcome. Subway has to penetrate in the market which has many opportunities. Global business organization needs to focus on the basis of the market. Every market has a different set of growth opportunity (Hill, Jones Schilling, 2014). Subway has to modify its meal and functions according to the market requirement. Globalization although has created major opportunities but in case of expansion the strategy need to be implemented focusing on the available business opportunities resting in the country. Conclusion The report examines the contextual factors affecting the growth of Subway while expanding its business operations. Subway is a world-class food chain with majority of stores providing healthy meals to the customers. Globalization is integration of worlds economy with other countrys economy. Marketing plan identified in the report will serve as a channel during the execution of the marketing strategies. The profitability of the company depends upon the adaptability o the company into the different environment conditions. Subway has its own strengths and weaknesses that have helped significantly at the internal and external level. The company in order to expect a sustainable growth should ensure stringent marketing plan that ensures growth. They need to focus on adopting the pricing and promotional strategies as per their franchise and position in order to secure a distinguished position. References Austin, E. W., Pinkleton, B. E. (2015).Strategic Public Relations Management: Planning and Managing Effective Communication Campaigns(Vol. 10). Routledge. Baylis, J., Smith, S., Owens, P. (2013).The globalization of world politics: an introduction to international relations. Oxford University Press. Beck, U. (2015).What is globalization?. John Wiley Sons. Chancey,B.(2010). How Subway Went Global. (Online). Retrieved from: https://www.qsrmagazine.com/interviews/how-subway-went-global Accessed on 3 February 2017 Crane, A., Matten, D. (2016).Business ethics: Managing corporate citizenship and sustainability in the age of globalization. Oxford University Press. Doyle, G. (2015). Brands in international and multi-platform expansion strategies: Economic and management issues. InHandbook of Media Branding(pp. 53-64). Springer International Publishing. Fayol, H. (2016).General and industrial management. Ravenio Books. Gopinath, C., Siciliano, J. I. (2013).Strategize!: experiential exercises in strategic management. Cengage Learning. Hill, C. W., Jones, G. R., Schilling, M. A. (2014).Strategic management: theory: an integrated approach. Cengage Learning. Hirst, P., Thompson, G., Bromley, S. (2015).Globalization in question. John Wiley Sons. History.(2016). (Online). Retrieved from: https://www.subway.com/en-us/aboutus/history Accessed on 3 February 2017 Hitt,M. et al.(2012). Strategic Management: Concepts: Competitiveness and Globalization. Cengage Learning, Lutz,A.(2014).4 Reasons for Subways Explosive Growth. (Online). Retrieved from: https://www.businessinsider.in/4-Reasons-For-Subways-Explosive-Growth/articleshow/36313858.cms Accessed on 3 February 2017 Pieterse, J. N. (2015).Globalization and culture: Global mlange. Rowman Littlefield. Scott, A. (Ed.). (2013).The limits of globalization. Routledge. Wiedemann, L. (2013).Business Strategies and Value Chain Management. AuthorHouse.

Neighborhood Pride in New York City

The fact that New York neighborhoods have the sense of integrity and community is undeniable because residents of various districts often compete with each other. For instance, they can argue about the level of service in cafes, cuisine, the greenery, and employment possibility[1].Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Neighborhood Pride in New York City specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Regardless of the problem they discuss, the actual sense of pride for their neighborhood contributes to the development and growth of those districts. The confrontations between New York residents can also influence the budgeting of city communities. For instance, people from most neighborhoods recognize the problem of insufficient greenery of the city and, as a result, the completion provides a new underpinning for eliminating this challenge. Some people celebrate the superiority of their regions due to the presence of remarka ble places and attraction spots. At this point, the most livable neighborhoods include Carroll Gardens, Soho, Tribeca, the Lower East Side, Park Slope, and Greenwich Village[2]. Hence, residents of other regions, such as the Bloomberg, strive to gather information about currents trends in the neighborhood development to provide a rationale for the popularity of district’s restaurants, cafes, and places of interests. In contrast, Manhattan has advantages in terms of proximity, safety, and low density of population[3]. The presence of shopping services, public schools, creative capital, greenery, and environmental situations are also among the main reasons why some districts are popular in New York. Thus, in case some people value safety and high quality of services, they would prefer moving to Manhattan or Brooklyn. There are people who cannot afford living in such neighborhoods and, therefore, they often focus on the housing cost to manage their expenditures. To define which neighborhood suits best socially different categories of people, ten regions have been chosen. Highlighting the main characteristics will allow to provide a better picture of why people have neighborhood pride in New York. Melrose neighborhood is located in the Southern part of Bronx. Although its region does not have remarkable places, the residents strive to improve environmental infrastructure and affordable housing.Advertising Looking for research paper on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Silver Beach in Bronx should be visited by those who value cultural diversity issues because it is inhabited predominantly by people of German, Italian, and Irish origins. The residents of this region are proud of their beaches. Park Slope in Brooklyn is considered the most densely popular neighborhood because of the benefit it provides in terms of housing, restaurant services, and historic buildings. Therefore, this neigh borhood is regarded as the most desirable among citizens of New York. Brighton Beach in Brooklyn is an Oceanside region in the southern part of New York City. New York citizens know this neighborhood as the place for organizing television shows. So, residents have much to be pride of. Bay Terrace in Staten Island is distinguished by considerable demographic contrast and is famous for historic figures residing in this neighborhood. The emergence of commercial and shopping centers also contributed to the popularity of the district and, therefore, most residents often boast about these possibilities. Greenwich Village in Manhattan is regarded as a home for people from elite social class. The neighborhood was also popular among artists. Nowadays the district attracts citizens by thy rapid process of commercialization and gentrification. There are also many parks, squares, and beautiful attraction spot, which makes Greenwich Village even more in demand. East Harlem in Manhattan embraces the northeastern part of New York City and is populated mostly by the representatives of the Latino community, including immigrants from Mexico and Puerto Rico. The district is the least demanded among the New York citizens because there is the greater rate of violent crimes. The neighborhood also faces social issues, including low employment rates. Nevertheless, it has one of the highest densities of public housing; it has also made significant contribution to Salsa music. Midtown Manhattan is, probably, the most luxurious neighborhood in New York City. Being the home for such marvelous and historically important buildings as Empire State building, UN Headquarters, and Chrysler Building, the region is mostly inhabited by politicians and business people, being New York’s most important business center.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Neighborhood Pride in New York City specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn M ore Therefore, Midtown attracts most individuals who dream of promoting business career. Indeed, residents of Midtown can definitely consider the district as the Haven on the Earth because it offers a great number of opportunities. The residents of Oakland Gardens in Queens are concerned with the issue of proximity to Bayside, a prestigious region in New York. Therefore, the district is popular by middle class families who cannot afford to live in wealthier regions. The neighborhood is located near Alley Pond Park, beautiful place where people can spend their leisure time. The uniqueness of Bellerose neighborhood in Queens lies in its unique mixture of rural and urban areas[4]. Those who inhabit this region can boast about the peaceful and quite life. This is a perfect place for those who want to live in a family house, with many park areas for walking. There are also many schools, which are also considered the best in New York City. Bibliography Mulligan, M. â€Å"Garden Auction Is Slap at Civility; Neighborhood Pride†, The New York Times. 1999. Web. Roleke, J. â€Å"Queens-Nassau Borderlands†, About.com. Web. Silver, N. â€Å"The Most Livable Neighborhoods in New York†, New York Real Estate. 2010. Web. Footnotes Megan Mulligan. â€Å"Garden Auction Is Slap at Civility; Neighborhood Pride†, (The New York Times. 1999). Nate Silver. â€Å"The Most Livable Neighborhoods in New York†, (New York Real Estate. 2010). Ibid., n. p. John Roleke. â€Å"Queens-Nassau Borderlands†, (About.com) This research paper on Neighborhood Pride in New York City was written and submitted by user Alyvia N. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Drunk Driving and Its Consequences

Drunk Driving and Its Consequences Driving involves the mind of the driver; for safe driving, drivers should make the right decision when on road; they should follow traffic rules as required by the law. When driving under the influence of alcohol, the risk of causing an accident is high. When someone is intoxicated with alcohol to a state of high blood alcohol content (BAC), his or her decision making capacity is hampered.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Drunk Driving and Its Consequences specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Different states have different laws and legislations to legal drinking limit (blood alcohol content (BAC)), that someone can be allowed to drive. For instance some countries have blood alcohol content  in excess of 0.05% or 0.08% defines the offense while others have higher levels. Despite the varying rates, the underlying principle is that drinking under the influence of alcohol is risky (Laurence Gusfield, 1994). This paper dis cusses issues and consequences relating to drunk-driving. Issues around drunk-driving In all states of the United States, it is illegal to drive under the influence of alcohol beyond the set limit per state, according the countries legal definition, drunk driving is driving when one has taken alcohol to the extent that his or her mental  and  motor skills  are impaired. According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), about 40% of death on road accidents in 2006 was as a result of drunk-driving; it estimated that 17,941 people died in 2006 in alcohol-related collisions. It is the realisation of such statistics that each state in the country has its own drunk-driving reinforcement measures and methods. Consequences of drunk-driving When driving under the influence of alcohol, the driver ignores traffic signs, symbols, and lights; with the ignorance there is high chance that he will do the forbidden causing an accident. In the United States for instance, the leading cause of deaths for people under the age of 24 years is motor vehicle wrecks, of which 40% are alcohol related. When driving, the driver is in control of the machine with the decisions that he will make, when someone is drunk, the decisions that he or she will make are likely to be triggered by the intoxication resulting to the wrong decision. Some of the common forms of accidents that drunkenness leads to include getting into ditch, rolling, hitting another car (either stationary or otherwise), using the wrong lane resulting to head on collision, hitting pedestrians, and unnecessary hooting. When any form of above form of accidents occurs, the passengers/pedestrian risks the chance of dying or suffering from permanent disability (Buddy, 2007).Advertising Looking for essay on law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Accident related medical bills are a challenge to the authorities, they led to economic retard ation and stretching of medical facilities. When someone is a victim of an accident, the paid and the psychological trauma is likely to affect his lifestyle thereafter, the rate at which he will be producing or contributing to personal economic development will be hampered; the United States is among those nations with high rates of drunk-driving. The United States of America has enacted various laws and legislations to control drunk-drinking in the country. The policies include strict penalties on arrested offenders; the penalties include cancellation of one’s driving licence, imprisonment, and fine. Of the late, the country has enacted the Paradigm Developmental Model of Treatment (PDMT) which aims at rehabilitating drunk-driving drivers. To ensure that the laws are being followed, state governments’ works with traffic police to enforce the laws (Appel, 2009). References Appel, M. (2009). Must physicians report impaired driving? Rethinking a duty on a collision cours e with itself.  The Journal of Clinical Ethics, 20  (2): 136–40. Buddy, T. (2007). Drunk Driving The  Dangers. Retrieved from https://www.verywellmind.com/drunk-driving-the-dangers-63002 Laurence, R., Gusfield, F. (1994).  Confronting Drunk Driving. Yale: Yale University Press

How Salt Melts Ice and Prevents Water From Freezing

How Salt Melts Ice and Prevents Water From Freezing Salt melts ice essentially because adding salt lowers the freezing point of the water. How does this melt ice? Well, it doesnt, unless there is a little water available with the ice. The good news is you dont need a pool of water to achieve the effect. Ice typically is coated with a thin film of liquid water, which is all it takes. Pure water freezes at 32 °F (0 °C). Water with salt (or any other substance in it) will freeze at some lower temperature. Just how low this temperature will be depends on the de-icing agent. If you put salt on ice in a situation where the temperature will never get up to the new freezing point of the salt-water solution, you wont see any benefit. For example, tossing table salt (sodium chloride) onto ice when its 0 °F wont do anything more than coat the ice with a layer of salt. On the other hand, if you put the same salt on ice at 15 °F, the salt will be able to prevent melting ice from re-freezing. Magnesium chloride works down to 5 °F while calcium chloride works down to -20 °F. Key Takeaways: How Salt Melts Ice Salt melts ice and helps keep water from re-freezing by lowering the freezing point of water. This phenomenon is called freezing point depression.Salt only helps if there is a little bit of liquid water available. The salt has to dissolve into its ions in order to work.Different types of salt are used as de-icing agents. The more particles (ions) formed when a salt dissolves, the more it lowers freezing point. How It Works Salt (NaCl) dissolves into its ions in water, Na and Cl-.  The ions diffuse throughout the water and block the water molecules from getting close enough together and in the right orientation to organize into the solid form (ice). Ice absorbs energy from its surroundings to undergo the phase transition from solid to liquid. This could cause pure water to re-freeze, but the salt in the water prevents it from turning into ice. However, the water gets colder than it was. The temperature can drop below the freezing point of pure water. Adding any impurity to a liquid lowers its freezing point. The nature of the compound does not matter, but the number of particles it breaks into in the liquid is important. The more particles that are produced, the greater the freezing point depression. So, dissolving sugar in water also lowers the freezing point of water. Sugar simply dissolves into single sugar molecules, so its effect on freezing point is less than you would get adding an equal amount of salt, which breaks into two particles. Salts that break into more particles, like magnesium chloride (MgCl2) have an even greater effect on freezing point. Magnesium chloride dissolves into three ions one magnesium cation and two chloride anions. On the flip side, adding a tiny amount of insoluble particulates can actually help water freeze at a higher temperature. While there is a bit of freezing point depression, its localized near the particles. The particles act as nucleation sites that allow for ice formation. This is the premise behind the formation of snowflakes in clouds and how ski resorts make snow when its slightly warming than freezing. Use Salt to Melt Ice - Activities You can demonstrate the effect of freezing point depression yourself, even if you dont have an icy sidewalk handy. One way is to make your own ice cream in a baggie, where adding salt to water produces a mixture so cold it can freeze your treat.If you just want to see an example of how cold ice plus salt can get, mix 33 ounces of salt with 100 ounces of crushed ice or snow. Be careful! The mixture will be about -6 °F (-21 °C), which is cold enough to give you frostbite if you hold it too long.Gain a better understanding of freezing point depression by examining the effect of dissolving different substances in water and noting the temperature required to freeze it. Good examples of substances to compare are table salt (sodium chloride), calcium chloride, and sugar. See if you can dissolve equal masses of each substance in the water in order to get a fair comparison. Sodium chloride breaks into two ions in water. Calcium chloride forms three ions in water. Sugar dissolves in water, but it doesnt break into any ions. All of these substances will lower the freezing point of water. Take the experiment a step further by exploring boiling point elevation, another colligative property of matter. Adding sugar, salt, or calcium chloride will change the temperature at which water boils. Is the effect measurable?

Roman Masculinities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Roman Masculinities - Essay Example the present days, during times of peace, war and truce negotiations which depict the manpower, management, money value, machinery strength (the intellectual property of the states powerfulness and ability to create creatively) as well as the manufacturing process of the elite-stature of the belonging-to state "nor must we forget the examples nor separate from these examples the memory of M. Marcellus. Such vigor of courage was in him that by the Po he with a few horsemen attacked the king of the Gaul, who was surrounded by an enormous host, and straightway slew him, stripped him of his arms, and dedicated them to Jupiter Feretrius." [1] a roman soldier – as with all the armies in world- is the honorary representative of the strength and decisiveness of the state in the war affairs among nations. He is the determiner of the strength of power as well as the education that has been bestowed upon him by the civility of the state he belongs to, as opposed to the Phoenicians, Hellen ics, Spartans and the Greek, in the race to define the meaning of "heritage" versus the declining of nations in their due times to be writ down in the pages of history honorably as well as worthily under the nations name; "Roma" in this case. The Roman Empire has been depicted in movies to be the "sole conqueror of the ancient world, defying the fate of degenerating states and the superior hand over the weaker states destinies. In battle, the strength of the roman soldier was the smallest moving wheel that instituted the armor of the armys artillery force. Strength of body as well as that of personality, pierced through the minds of nations when introducing oneself to another during war, the natural defense line for fearlessness against that of opposition in a battlefield for land conquest. Empires built their reputations in accordance to physical strength as well as educational / scholarly refinement, so as to fix the mind of the nation itself upon that of the enemys as not a brutal,